{"id":18044,"date":"2024-08-07T15:06:44","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T15:06:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2024\/?page_id=18044"},"modified":"2024-09-11T10:54:17","modified_gmt":"2024-09-11T10:54:17","slug":"senior-secondary-poster-2024","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/senior-secondary-poster-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Senior Secondary Poster 2024 &#8211; Math and codes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eaeaea;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Senior Secondary Maths Week Posters 2024<\/h2>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-first\" style=\"width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );margin-right: 4%;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"font-size:30px;margin-top:0%;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:30px;margin-left:0px;\"><h2 class=\"title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"font-family:&quot;Carrois Gothic&quot;;font-weight:400;margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.29;\"><span style=\"font-size: 30px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: normal;\" data-fusion-font=\"true\"><strong>Decode The Mathematical Symphony of DNA and Barcodes with the senior secondary Maths Week poster Maths and Codes<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><div class=\"title-sep-container\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#eaeaea;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:10px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#eaeaea;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div>\n<p>You can see additional information and activities for this year\u2019s poster below.<\/p>\n<p>To check out last year\u2019s Maths Week 2023 poster \u201dPascal 400th\u201d \u2013 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Pi7_Pascal_400_maths_poster_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">click HERE<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third fusion-column-last\" style=\"width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:71px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><a class=\"fusion-no-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/DNA-and-Barcodes-Maths-Poster-2024-WEB-1.pdf\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"MW poster 2024 Senior Secondary_page-0001 (1)\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1811\" alt=\"Click the image for a pdf\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/MW-poster-2024-Senior-Secondary_page-0001-1-scaled.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-18252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/MW-poster-2024-Senior-Secondary_page-0001-1-200x141.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/MW-poster-2024-Senior-Secondary_page-0001-1-400x283.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/MW-poster-2024-Senior-Secondary_page-0001-1-600x424.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/MW-poster-2024-Senior-Secondary_page-0001-1-800x566.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/MW-poster-2024-Senior-Secondary_page-0001-1-1200x849.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/MW-poster-2024-Senior-Secondary_page-0001-1-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/span><div class=\"fusion-align-block\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-green button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"lightbox\" rel=\"iLightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/DNA-and-Barcodes-Maths-Poster-2024-WEB-1.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text\">Click here for the PDF<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-align-block\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-darkgreen button-2 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/posters-2024\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text\">Back to Posters<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eaeaea;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1289.6px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><style type=\"text\/css\">@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-2{margin-top:0%!important; margin-right:0px!important;margin-bottom:30px!important;margin-left:0px!important;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-2{margin-top:0px!important; margin-right:0px!important;margin-bottom:20px!important; margin-left:0px!important;}}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0%;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:30px;margin-left:0px;\"><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-left fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-small-visibility\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#eaeaea;\"><\/div><\/div><h1 class=\"title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:50;line-height:1.2;\">Activities<\/h1><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-right\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#eaeaea;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p>Since the beginning of civilization, Kings, Queens and Generals have <span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">relied on efficient communication in order to run their countries and command their <\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">armies. <\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">At the same time, they have all been very aware of the consequences of any <\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\">messages falling into the wrong hands, revealing precious secrets to enemy forces. <\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\">This need for secrecy led to the creation of codes, also known as ciphers.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-18044-1 .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box{ color: #00bcd4;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-18044-1 .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box:before{ font-size: 30px; width: 30px;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-18044-1 .panel-title a{font-size:18px;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-18044-1 .panel-title a:hover, #accordion-18044-1 .fusion-toggle-boxed-mode:hover .panel-title a { color: #00bcd4;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-18044-1 .fusion-toggle-boxed-mode:hover .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box{ color: #00bcd4;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-18044-1.fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed .fusion-panel .panel-title a:hover .fa-fusion-box{ color: #00bcd4 !important;}<\/style><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-18044-1\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"3b17f2bdbf23dd27c\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-18044-1\" data-target=\"#3b17f2bdbf23dd27c\" href=\"#3b17f2bdbf23dd27c\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Ciphers<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"3b17f2bdbf23dd27c\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<div>\n<p>A cipher is a code that is used for a message that you want to protect and keep safe. You don\u2019t want anyone else to read the message. There are many different types of ciphers, for example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Substitute symbols or numbers for letters<\/li>\n<li>Simple substitution cipher. A -> B; B -> C; C -> D etc. Like the Caesar Cipher<\/li>\n<li>Writing backwards or mirror writing<\/li>\n<li>Morse code or Invisible ink.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The science that studies such secret communication is called cryptology. The term cryptology is derived from the Greek krypt\u00f3s (\u201chidden\u201d) and l\u00f3gos (\u201cword\u201d). Although a neutral country in WW2, Ireland was renowned for its ability to intercept and break codes. Dr Richard James Hayes was the director of the National Library of Ireland in 1941 but behind the scenes he was secretly working on breaking the infamous Nazi code: \u201cG\u00f6rtz Cipher\u201d. Dr Hayes, the genius librarian, cracked the Nazi cipher that had stumped some of the greatest code breaking minds at Bletchley Park, the center of British wartime Cryptography.<\/p>\n<p>A very famous cipher system was the \u2018Enigma\u2019 code used by the Germans in World War II which was eventually cracked by Poland and then the British working on the daily codes. <\/p>\n<p>After the war ciphers were mostly used for military purposes but they were picked up by some companies to hide data from competitors, for example, IBM who designed a cipher called \u2018Lucifer\u2019 to encrypt customer\u2019s data. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"7fe8366cb46334f97\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-18044-1\" data-target=\"#7fe8366cb46334f97\" href=\"#7fe8366cb46334f97\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Caesar Cipher<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"7fe8366cb46334f97\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>It is known as a \u201csubstitution <span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">cipher\u201d where you replace <\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">each letter of the alphabet <\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">with another letter by shifting <\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">the whole alphabet a certain <\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">number of letters.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Try to encode your name with the Caesar Cipher by using the resources from the national geographic <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/pdf\/kids\/photos\/articles\/Explorer-Academy\/downloads\/explorer-academy-cipher.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">HERE<\/span><\/u><\/a><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 188, 212); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">Work in pairs and send coded messages. Do not forget to give the number of shift or the letter substitution like A-X.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 188, 212); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">Variations: write a message and give it to another team that need to crack the code without knowing the shift!<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 188, 212); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">Try the crack the code adventure from the national geographic website <a href=\"https:\/\/kids.nationalgeographic.com\/games\/action-adventure\/article\/crack-the-code-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>HERE<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Caesar code can be used to code a simple riddle, instructions, or clues if you are planning a Maths Trail or Treasure Hunt.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"67544a965ba16f281\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-18044-1\" data-target=\"#67544a965ba16f281\" href=\"#67544a965ba16f281\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Morse Code<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"67544a965ba16f281\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Morse code is a system for sending messages through dots, dashes and spaces. It can be used through many different mediums such as sound, light or on paper. It was first invented by Samuel F.B. Morse for the electric telegraph in the 1830s but, he had originally only used it for numbers so a man called Alfred Vail went on to develop it further to be able to code the English language. <\/p>\n<p>In 1890 radios could not transmit speech, so using tones, Morse code was used to transmit over radio waves. <\/p>\n<p>Morse code was still popular until the Cold War. Nowadays it isn\u2019t used in commercial and military sectors but is still popular to learn and is needed for an Amateur Radio License.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Read more about the Morse code on the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cryptomuseum.com\/radio\/morse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>cryptomuseum.com website<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(112, 112, 112);\">Have a look to the dichotomic chart <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cryptomuseum.com\/radio\/morse\/files\/morse_dichotomic.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>HERE<\/u><\/a> from cryptomuseum.com. This chart helps you to understand how the Morse code of each Latin character is constructed. The letters with the highest frequency (i.e. the letters are used the most in English) are higher up in the table. A left-branch represents a dot, whilst a right-branch represents a dash.<\/span> Ask the students which symbol should the letter L be represented by? If you go left, left, right which letter do you get and which symbol it is represented by? If you have a \u2018Dash\u2019, \u2018Point\u2019, \u2018Point\u2019, which letter do you get?<br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">You can also use the table <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cryptomuseum.com\/radio\/morse\/files\/morse_alphabet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>HERE<\/u><\/a> from cryptomuseum.com as guide to decipher our code (shortly coming)<\/span><\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>Algebra:  .- .-.. \u2013. . -\u2026 .-. .-<\/li>\n<li>Fractions: ..-. .-. .- -.-. \u2013 .. \u2014 -. \u2026 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Morse code can be used to code a simple riddle, instructions, or clues if you are planning a Maths Trail or Treasure Hunt.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"00e143761068b33da\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-18044-1\" data-target=\"#00e143761068b33da\" href=\"#00e143761068b33da\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Binary Code<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"00e143761068b33da\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Binary code is a numerical system where everything is represented by either a 1 (on) or a 0 (off). When we think of the inventor of binary code we think of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in the 17th century, but it has been traced back to ancient civilizations in Egypt and China. <\/p>\n<p>Nowadays we use the binary system in computers but centuries ago it was used to keep records, for example, how much grain someone had. <\/p>\n<p>So 0 will be 0, 1 will be 1. For the number two we use all our digit to we need to put 2 digits now. 2 = 10 and 3 = 11<\/p>\n<p>To encode the 26 letters of the alphabet we need 5 digits. We can associate each letter with a number like its place in the alphabet A=1, B=2\u2026 For easy conversion from binary to decimal system each digit could be represented by an exponent of 2. So 11010 equals 16\u00d71 + 8\u00d71 + 4\u00d70 + 2\u00d71 + 1\u00d70 = 26  |  10010 equals 16\u00d71 + 8\u00d70 + 4\u00d70 + 2\u00d71 + 1\u00d70 = 18. Zero could represent a space if you are coding a sentence.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Try to encode hello or your name in binary<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Try to decipher <\/span><\/li>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">01000 00101 11000 00001 00111 01111 01110<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">00100 00101 00011 01001 01101 00001 01100 <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"f71f6e0c2a7f0f0aa\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-18044-1\" data-target=\"#f71f6e0c2a7f0f0aa\" href=\"#f71f6e0c2a7f0f0aa\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Bar Codes<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"f71f6e0c2a7f0f0aa\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>We all know barcodes, we see them every day when we shop, and we don\u2019t know where shopping would be without them. Supermarkets and shops need them for keeping track of inventory leading to cheaper prices and organised supply chain management.<\/p>\n<p>They were first invented by Norman Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver in 1949 but barcodes were not seen in stores until 1974 after the Universal Product Code (UPC) was put in place in retail. The UPC barcodes are a series of lines that vary in thickness representing an item with different digits under it. The famous first scan of a retail barcode was in Ohio in a Marsh Store.<\/p>\n<p>Just before shops though the US rail industry used barcodes to mark railway freight cars, this shows us how flexible barcodes are and how they have so many different uses.<\/p>\n<h4>How to code a barcode?<\/h4>\n<p>The most commonly used barcode is the International Article Number (also known as European Article Number or EAN) with thirteen-digit: EAN-13. An EAN-13 has 4 components:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the first two or three digits tag the country<\/li>\n<li>the following four or five digits tag the company\/manufacturer<\/li>\n<li>the following four or five digits tag the product<\/li>\n<li>the last digit is the check digit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>The Key or Check Digit<\/h4>\n<p>The check digit is an additional digit, used to verify that a barcode has been scanned correctly. <span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">The checksum is calculated as sum of products \u2013 taking an alternating weight value (1 or 3) times the value of each data digit. The checksum digit is the digit which must be added to this checksum to get a number divisible by 10. The mathematical equation will be: <\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">(<\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); font-family: 'Croissant One';\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Croissant One\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"400\">x<\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">1 + 3<\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); font-family: 'Croissant One';\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Croissant One\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"400\">x<\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">2 + <\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); font-family: 'Croissant One';\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Croissant One\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"400\">x<\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">3 + 3<\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); font-family: 'Croissant One';\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Croissant One\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"400\">x<\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">4 + <\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); font-family: 'Croissant One';\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Croissant One\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"400\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\">5+ 3<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); font-family: 'Croissant One';\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Croissant One\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"400\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\">6 + <\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); font-family: 'Croissant One';\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Croissant One\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"400\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\">7 + 3<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); font-family: 'Croissant One';\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Croissant One\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"400\">x<\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">8 + <\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); font-family: 'Croissant One';\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Croissant One\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"400\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\">9 + 3<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); font-family: 'Croissant One';\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Croissant One\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"400\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\">10 + <\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); font-family: 'Croissant One';\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Croissant One\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"400\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\">11 + 3<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); font-family: 'Croissant One';\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Croissant One\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"400\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\">12 +<\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); font-family: 'Croissant One';\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Croissant One\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"400\">x<\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">13) \/ 10 \u2261 0 (mod 10) meaning it equals a multiple of 10.<\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">Eg. the check digit of 471-9-5120-0288 will be<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>4\u00d71 + 3\u00d77 + 1 + 3\u00d79 + 5 + 3\u00d71 + 2 + 3\u00d70 + 0 + 3\u00d72 + 8 + 3\u00d78<\/li>\n<li>4 + 21 + 1 + 27 + 5 + 3 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 6 + 8 + 24 = 101<\/li>\n<li>101 \/ 10 = 10 remainder 1<\/li>\n<li>10 \u2013 1 = 9 so the check digit is 9<\/li>\n<li>You can also look for the nearest multiple of 10 that is equal to or higher than 101. That is 110 then subtract the sum: 110 \u2013 101 = 9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"table-1\">\n<table style=\"height: 60px;\" width=\"485\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\">barcode digit \u2018n\u2019<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">4<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">7<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">1<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">9<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">5<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">1<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">2<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">0<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">0<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">2<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">8<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">8<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Weight \u2018p\u2019<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">n x p<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">21<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">27<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: #00bcd4; font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">Could you find the check digit of this barcode 978-0-306-40615-?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: #00bcd4; font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">Is this barcode correct 51-68007-53219-7?<br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">The tag was torn and we cannot read anymore one digit of the barcode marked by an X. Could you find the missing digit? <\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 188, 212); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">33X-1027-64359-8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Bars in barcode<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">Unfortunately computers cannot read numbers. So we need to transform this sequence of numbers in sequence of 0 and 1 digit where 0 is white and 1 is black. Easy to scan, easy for the computer to read.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">The first number is always outside the barcode. The barcode always starts with a separator coded \u2018101\u2019 a thin black line, a thin white line, a thin black line. Then a block of bars and spaces coding for the 6 following digits. A separator \u201801010\u2019 <\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">a thin white line, a thin black line, <\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">a thin white line, a thin black line, <\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">a thin white line<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\">. <\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\">Then a block of bars and spaces coding for the 6 following digits. And the barcode always ends <\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\">with a separator \u2018101\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">Each of the last twelve numbers of the barcode will be associated with seven digits of 0 and 1 represented by bars and spaces. So a<\/span><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"> barcode digit is encoded in seven areas, by two black bars and two white spaces. Each black bar or white space can have a width between 1 and 4 areas.<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\"> The thickness of the bar will be coded by the numbers of 1 next to each other. So 0010011 will have a thin line then a thicker line. 0111101 has a very thick line. <\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\">The thickness of the space will be coded by the numbers of 0 next to each other. <span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Which one has the bigger space: 1100010 or 1001110?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #00bcd4;\">How many areas are there to encode a single barcode? (don\u2019t forget the separators)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #00bcd4;\">Learn more about how to encode barcodes on the wikipedia page <b><u><span style=\"color: rgb(25, 25, 25);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Article_Number#Binary_encoding_of_data_digits_into_EAN-13_barcode\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">HERE<\/a><\/span><\/u><\/b>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"91edadb8418558f8f\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-18044-1\" data-target=\"#91edadb8418558f8f\" href=\"#91edadb8418558f8f\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">QR Codes<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"91edadb8418558f8f\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Over the years with our modern world growing barcodes were no longer the best option, they were very limited in what information they could store so a gap in the market appeared.<\/p>\n<p>A Japanese company Denso Wave were struggling with these limitations, some of their products could have 10 barcodes on them just to store the info they needed then. In 1994 employee Mashiro Hara was playing Go, a popular board game and came up with how the QR code could work. He realised how useful a grid system would be in storing information. They let the QR code tech be freely available for anyone to use and in 2002 Sharp released the first phone that could scan QR codes.<\/p>\n<p>Then during the pandemic QR codes became even more popular with the need for a contactless world for example, a QR code to access a menu online.<\/p>\n<p>Nowadays they can be used to mark attendance or access surveys online.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #00bcd4;\">Find a pattern activity HERE (soon to come).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #00bcd4;\">If this QR code is 25 pixels high and 25 pixels wide how many pixels is the QR code made up of?\u200b<\/span><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18751 size-fusion-200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/QR-Code-200x201.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/QR-Code-66x66.png 66w, https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/QR-Code-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/QR-Code-200x201.png 200w, https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/QR-Code-298x300.png 298w, https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/QR-Code-400x403.png 400w, https:\/\/www.mathsweek.ie\/2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/QR-Code.png 433w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"d8f4910de208005e0\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-18044-1\" data-target=\"#d8f4910de208005e0\" href=\"#d8f4910de208005e0\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">DNA Code<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"d8f4910de208005e0\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid) are two main types of nucleic acids made from different molecules called nucleotides (A, C, G, T, U). <\/p>\n<p>DNA is the code of life and RNA converts this code into proteins to carry out functions in the organism. <\/p>\n<p>In other words, you can think of a living being as a house. The blueprint for the whole house is the DNA. But it is inconvenient to use if you are only doing the kitchen. You have to take a closer look. How big is the oven? What colour are the cupboards? It will be your genes. Your kitchen will be different from your neighbour\u2019s because the genes are different. But to look at the genes, you need a copy, an RNA \u2013 because you cannot rip them off the DNA. Then, from the copy, you can build the different equipment for your kitchen (the proteins).<\/p>\n<h4>History  <\/h4>\n<p>For almost 200 years genes, their expression and their support (the DNA) have been researched starting with <b style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Charles Darwin<\/b> and his \u2018Evolution of Species\u2019, a very controversial book during its time of publication. <\/p>\n<p>We then saw <b style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Mendel <\/b>discovering the basic idea of genetics when he experimented with pea plants and was the first to use the terms \u2018dominant\u2019 and \u2018recessive\u2019 genes. <\/p>\n<p>In 1869, <b style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Friedrich Miescher<\/b> was first investigating the proteins of white blood cells when he found a molecule that wouldn\u2019t digest as easily as proteins and had high phosphorous content. He named this molecule \u2018nuclein\u2019. We know now this as DNA. <\/p>\n<p>In 1944<b> <span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Oswald Avery<\/span><\/b> identified that DNA was responsible for hereditary calling it the \u2018transforming principle\u2019 which went on to inspire many other scientists including <b><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Erwin <\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Chargaff<\/span> <\/b>who discovered how DNA is made up is specific to species. <\/p>\n<p>In the 1950s <b style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Rosalind Franklin<\/b> was working in X-ray diffraction, she was improving the X-ray crystallography at King\u2019s College where she got a clear X-ray photo of DNA fibres. Using just these photos she was able to calculate the dimensions of the fibres and hypothesize that there were phosphates on the outside of a structure that was most likely helical. Before she got to fully finish her work two other scientists beat her to it using her photos. She unfortunately passed away only a few years later in 1958. <\/p>\n<p>In 1953, <b style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">James Watson and Francis Crick<\/b> discovered DNA had a double helix structure, publishing their famous paper, which led them to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962. Although Rosalind\u2019s photos of DNA structure helped Watson and Crick majorly in their work, she received little to no credit until after her death. Although her co-worker Maurice Wilkins from King\u2019s College went on to accept the Nobel Prize with Watson and Crick after her death. <\/p>\n<p><b style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Ada Yonath<\/b> was the first person to map the structure of the ribosome, something many scientists had given up on \u2013 and for which she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2009. She did this by crystallising and x-raying the bacterium <i>Geobacillus stearothermophilus<\/i>. It took her 25,000 attempts to do this without destroying the structure of the ribosome! This was a huge discovery and it allows us to fight bacteria with antibiotics that specifically target their ribosomes. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ea0dbb64057c5f041\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-18044-1\" data-target=\"#ea0dbb64057c5f041\" href=\"#ea0dbb64057c5f041\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Solutions<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"ea0dbb64057c5f041\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li><b><br \/>\n\t\t<span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Morse Code<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>L be represented by \u2018left, right, left, left\u2019 so .-..<\/li>\n<li>If you go left, left, right you get the letter U that is \u2013. <\/li>\n<li>\u2018Dash\u2019, \u2018Point\u2019, \u2018Point\u2019 -.. you go left right right and you get the letter D<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Algebra: .- .-.. \u2013. . -\u2026 .-. .-    |    <span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">Fractions: ..-. .-. .- -.-. \u2013 .. \u2014 -. \u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><b style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Binary<\/b><\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>hello: 01000 00101 01100 01100 01111<\/li>\n<li>HEXAGON: 01000 00101 11000 00001 00111 01111 01110<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>DECIMAL: 00100 00101 00011 01001 01101 00001 01100<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><b><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">Bar Codes<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>The check digit of 978-0-306-40615-? is 7.<\/li>\n<li>No. The barcode is wrong. 51-68007-53219-3 is correct. You have to take away the reminder from 10 to find the correct check digit.<\/li>\n<li>331-1027-64359-8 : (3 + 3\u00d73 + X + 3\u00d71 + 0 + 3\u00d72 + 7 + 3\u00d76 + 4 + 3\u00d73 + 5 + 9\u00d73 + 8) \/ 10 = 10y  |  99 + X = 10y The nearest multiple of 10 that is equal to or higher than 99 is 100, so y=10 | X = 100 \u2013 99 = 1<\/li>\n<li>1100010 has a bigger space. It is encoded by 0.<\/li>\n<li>7 areas for 12 digits = 12 x 7 = 84 + 3\u00d72 (separators at the beginning and the end) + 5 (separator in the middle) = 95 areas!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><b style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">QR Codes<\/b><\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>There are 625 pixels on this QR code.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><b style=\"color: rgb(0, 188, 212);\">DNA Codes<\/b><\/li>\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-4{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-4 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-4{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-4 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-4{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-4 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-2{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18044","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Senior Secondary Poster 2024 - Math and codes &#8211; MATHS WEEK IRELAND<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Maths Week will take place from 11 - 19 Oct. 2025. 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